At a high level, the issue is not new. The misuse of mobile phones and other smart devices has been the most common category of suspected malpractice in every exam series since 2018. In the summer of 2025 alone, there were 2,225 reported cases. What is changing, however, is the nature of the risk. Technology is evolving faster than traditional invigilation methods, creating new opportunities for students to evade detection and increasing pressure on exam boards and schools to respond effectively.

Regulatory framework

Ofqual regulates qualifications, examinations and assessments in England. It was established under the Apprenticeships, Skills, Children and Learning Act 2009 and operates within the broader framework of the Education Act 2011. As education is a devolved matter, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have their own regulatory bodies.